Наукові праці. Кафедра акушерства та гінекології № 3

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    Editorial: The repercussions of maternal inflammation in pre-eclampsia on fetal health and neurodevelopment
    (Frontiers, 2024-05-29) Lakhno, Igor; Reyes-Lagos, José Javier; Adam, Ishag; Brownfoot, Fiona C.
    Inflammation is a crucial and inevitable biological response in humans, playing an essential role in defense against infections and tissue repair. It is known as a basic pathological process. Inflammatory response is involved in the pathogenic scenario of several obstetrical syndromes. The main trigger for maternal inflammation is a disturbed placentation. HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) incompatibility between maternal and fetal tissues significantly influences the risk of preterm birth and pre-eclampsia. Therefore, immune-induced inflammation is a part of pre-eclampsia.
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    Maternal and fetal arrhythmia as a sign of hemodynamic deterioration: a case report
    (Медексперт, 2024-02-20) Lakhno, Igor; Sykal, Iryna; Korovai, Svitlana; Korotych, Valentina; Tkachov, Andriy
    The co-existing maternal (MA) and fetal arrythmia (FA) are associated with maternal goiter disease, chorioamnionitis, or Ballantyne’s syndrome. The aim of the study — to determine theinvolvement of maternal arrhythmia and fetal arrhythmia in the pathogenic scenario of hemodynamic deterioration in Ballantyne’s syndrome. Clinical case. It is presented the case of sustained several weeks of MA and FA. A pregnant woman aged 36 years was admitted to the division of maternal and fetal medicine at 34 weeks of gestation. She was gravida 4 and para 3. She had complaints of rapid heartbeat, left-side chest discomfort, and lower extremities edema. The diagnosis of maternal sinus tachycardia was supported via electrocardiography. The indices of fetal, umbilical, and uteroplacental hemodynamics detected via Doppler ultrasound were appropriate. However, fetal heart rate was 209 beats/min. The transplacental attack of oral sotalol 80 mg thrice daily was prescribed. But maternal and fetal tachycardia persisted to stay. The tricuspid regurgitation was detected via Doppler ultrasound next day. The fetus was hydropic. The male baby of 2400 g, 46 cm length, 31 cm head circumference, and Apgar score 3→5 was delivered via caesarean. The newborn was discharged in 21 days. He was admitted again in one month for rehabilitation. Maternal heart rate reduced to 72 beats/min and edema regressed in three days after birth. Conclusions. MA and FA before fetal hydrops are supposed to be the early signs of mirror syndrome. This speculation needs further investigation.
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    VP24.04: The delayed fetal neurological maturation in women with threatened preterm labour
    (Wiley&sons, 2021-10-15) Vasyliva, Iryna; Lakhno, Igor
    Objectives The uterine activity separated from maternal abdominal signal could contribute to better diagnosing of threatened preterm birth. This signal is being obtained via equipment for fetal non-invasive electrocardiography. The detection of acceleration capacity (AC) and deceleration capacity (DC) variables reflects the fetal neurological development. Methods Totally examined 192 pregnant women. The US cervicometry was performed at 16 weeks of gestation. The patients with normal cervical length (> 30 mm) were enrolled in Group I (n = 34). The US investigation of cervical length and fetal AC/DC detection via transabdominal non-invasive electrocardiography at 26, 32, and 38 weeks of gestation were used in Group II (n = 84). The investigation of uterine activity was additionally performed in women in Group III (n = 74). Fetal cardio signals and maternal uterine activity were obtained via non-invasive fetal electrocardiography using Cardiolab Babycard equipment (the “KhAI Medica” Scientific Research centre, Ukraine). The monitoring of fetal AC/DC was also performed in Group I. The results were analysed with an ANOVA test. Results The level of AC/DC was minimal in all groups at 26 weeks. This fact reflects the immaturity of autonomic regulation. But later on, the decreased values of AC/DC were found in Group II and Group III at 32 and 38 weeks of gestation. Thus, the threatened preterm delivery has a negative projection on fetal neurodevelopment. The sensitivity and the specificity of the threatened preterm labour detection were in Group II and Group III respectively: 86.49% (95% CI – 76.55% to 93.32%) and 58.82% (95% CI – 40.70% to 75.35%); 98.46% (95% CI – 91.72% to 99.96%) and 90.91% (95 % CI – 58.72% to 99.77%). The use of uterine activity has improved the accuracy of threatened preterm labour diagnosing. Conclusions The application of uterine activity extracted from electrophysiological maternal abdominal signal contributed to better diagnosing of the threatened preterm labour. Fetal neurodevelopment is retarded in case of the threatened preterm birth.
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    The pathogenic pathways of cardiovascular disease in perimenopausal women
    (Termedia, 2023-06-05) Lakhno, Igor; Korovai, Sergei; Struk, Tetiana; Pak, Svitlana
    Introduction Menopause is associated with disturbed cardiovascular health. The objective of the study was to compare the effect of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and its combination with diet, L-arginine, and xylitol solutions on metabolic processes and cardiovascular health in perimenopausal women. Material and methods In total 106 women were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. The 36 patients of Group II received HRT. 35 women who had been prescribed additionally to HRT a diet, L-arginine, and also xylitol were included in Group III. 35 healthy reproductive-aged women were included in Group I (control). The variables body mass index (BMI), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and C-reactive protein, and menopausal Cooperman’s score were determined before and after the 3-month program. Results The obtained results showed the homogeneity of average age, BMI, HR, BP, and Cooperman’s score in Group II and Group III before inclusion in the study. But several variables changed significantly after a 3-month period. The study showed the effect of the 3-month program on BMI and Cooperman’s score. We also found the restoration of the lipid profiles in Group III. The patients of perimenopausal age featured elevated levels of insulin and C-RP (C-reactive protein). The restoration of levels of insulin and CRP occurred in the process of the 3-month program. Conclusions The use of a 3-month program including diet, xylitol, and L-arginine solutions contributed to the reduction of Cooperman’s score, chronic inflammation, and restoration of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.
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    Tocilizumab is effective in preventing ovarian injury induced by ischemia- reperfusion in rats
    (Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2023-05-15) Uzel, Kemine; Lakhno, Igor; Turkler, Can; Kuzucu, Mehmet; Naz, Gulce Yazici; Mammadov, Renad; Suleyman, Bahadir Ahadir; Kale, Ahmet; Suleyman, Halis
    Ovarian torsion can be defined as the bending of the ovaries on the supporting ligament, disrupting both venous and arterial blood circulation. Insufficient blood flow causes ovarian tissue hypoxia and leads to ischemia. This study aimed to investigate whether tocilizumab has a protective effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury due to ovarian torsion in rats. Eighteen female Wistar albino rats were divided into three equal groups (Sham (SG), ischemia-reperfusion (OIR), and ischemia-reperfusion+tocilizumab (OIRT)). Degeneration, necrosis, vascular dilatation/congestion, interstitial edema, hemorrhage, and polymorphonuclear lymphocyte (PMNL) infiltration scores were significantly different between the groups (p=0.001 for all parameters). Moreover, the OIRT group had a significant improvement in these criteria compared to the OIR group (p<0.05). Additionally, there was a considerable difference between OIRT and OIR groups in the number of primordial, developing, and atretic follicles groups (p<0.05), while there was no difference in the number of corpus luteum (p=0.052). Stress markers or cytokines, such as MDA, tGSH, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were significantly different between groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, a significant improvement was found in the measured variables when the OIRT group was compared with the OIR group (p<0.05). Tocilizumab may be an alternative option for treating ischemia-reperfusion injury due to ovarian torsion.
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    COVID-19 mimicked fetal hemolytic disease: a case report
    (Publishing House Professional Event, 2023-03-31) Lakhno, Igor
    The pandemic of COVID-19 changed the traditional approaches to the management of gestational complications. Today there is still a lack of information about the impact of COVID-19 on the pregnancy course, in particular, about its role in relation to Rh-conflict during pregnancy. The paper focused on a rare presentation of Rh-conflict pregnancy and COVID-19. 32 years old G3 P2 pregnant women with Rh-negative had a third pregnancy. The injection of anti-D immunoglobulin after the first abortion was not performed. The second pregnancy finished with a term delivery and the birth of a fetus with hemolytic disease. During the third pregnancy, the woman fell ill with COVID-19 in the 26th week. The bilateral pneumonia was diagnosed. The treatment included antibiotics, antiviral, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory drugs. No signs of fetal hemolytic disease were found via ultrasonography. But the abnormal level of anti-D antibodies – 1:1024 was detected. From the 28th weeks of pregnancy till the delivery the test for anti-D antibodies was constant – 1:4. The variables of utero-placental, fetal (blood flow velocity in a middle cerebral artery), and umbilical hemodynamics were normal during the third trimester. But fetal moderate hepato- and splenomegaly were found at 36 weeks of gestation. The patient delivered at 38 weeks of gestation a female newborn 3100 g, 52 cm with a 7→8 Apgar score. The laboratory investigation detected a hemoglobin value of 202.6 mg/dL in a child. The blood analysis showed total bilirubin of 44.2 mg/dL, direct bilirubin of 1.0 mg/dL, and a negative result on the direct Coombs test. The baby received phototherapy for 3 days. Total bilirubin was decreased (15.2 mg/dL). The newborn was discharged from a hospital with the mother on the fifth day. COVID-19 could change the placental permeability and increase the titer of anti-D antibodies. But it did not contribute to fetal and newborn hemolytic disease.
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    Noninvasive fetal electrocardiography for the detection of fetal arrhythmias
    (John Wiley and Sons Ltd., 2019-01-02) Behar, Joachim; Bonnemains, Laurent; Shulgin, Vyacheslav; Oster, Julien; Ostras, Oleksii; Lakhno, Igor
    Objective: To assess whether noninvasive fetal electrocardiography (NI‐FECG) enables the diagnosis of fetal arrhythmias. Methods: A total of 500 echocardiography and NI‐FECG recordings were collected from pregnant women during a routine medical visit in this multicenter study. All the cases with fetal arrhythmias (n = 12) and a matching number of control (n = 14) were used. Two perinatal cardiologists analyzed the extracted NI‐FECG while blinded to the echocardiography. The NI‐FECG‐based diagnosis was compared with the reference fetal echocardiography diagnosis. Results: NI‐FECG and fetal echocardiography agreed on all cases (Ac = 100%) on the presence of an arrhythmia or not. However, in one case, the type of arrhythmia identified by the NI‐FECG was incorrect because of the low resolution of the extracted fetal P‐wave, which prevented resolving the mechanism (2:1 atrioventricular conduction) of the atrial tachycardia. Conclusion: It is possible to diagnose fetal arrhythmias using the NI‐FECG technique. However, this study identifies that improvement in algorithms for reconstructing the P‐wave is critical to systematically resolve the mechanisms underlying the arrhythmias. The elaboration of a NI‐FECG Holter device will offer new opportunities for fetal diagnosis and remote monitoring of problematic pregnancies because of its low‐cost, noninvasiveness, portability, and minimal setup requirements.
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    The relationship between fetal and maternal hemodynamic oscillations in normal and growth restricted fetuses
    (Athens Institute for Education & Research (A World Association of Academics and Researchers), 2017-03-15) Lakhno, Igor
    The study was aimed to the investigation of the maternal heart rate variability involvement in regulation of fetal circulatory system in case of healthy pregnancy and in fetal growth restriction. 98 patients at 34-40 weeks of gestation were enrolled in the study. And 30 of them were involved in Group I (control). In Group II 34 pregnant women with fetal growth restriction and normal Doppler indices were observed. 34 patients with decreased values of hemodynamic indices were monitored in Group III. The circulatory abnormalities in the utero-placental bed in patients with fetal growth restriction induced maternal and fetal autonomic response. The development of fetal compromise was due to an increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic tones. The fact of the considerable relationship between fetal and maternal heart rate variability in healthy pregnancy demonstrated the oscillatory nature of their interaction. Placental bed pathology in patients with fetal growth restriction and abnormal circulatory indices contributed to failed hemodynamic fluctuations exchange between mother and fetus.
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    HRV descriptors for fetal distress assessment in pregnancy with fetal growth restriction
    (CSREA Press, 2018-07-16) Guzmán-Velázquez, Bertha Patricia; Lakhno, Igor; Díaz-Méndez, Alejandro
    This paper focused on the fetal wellbeing assessment, through the selection of HRV descriptors as evident markers of fetal distress. The study of behavior in experiments with control groups of healthy pregnant women and pregnant women with fetal growth restriction allows obtaining quantitative descriptors that help assess the loss of fetal well-being. The results show that SI (Sp=1, Se=0.9882), and AMo (Sp=0.8118, Se=0.9882) are evident markers of fetal distress.
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    Maternal respiratory sinus arrhythmia captures the severity of pre-eclampsia
    (Polish Society of Perinatal Medicine, 2016-07-15) Lakhno, Igor
    Pre-eclamsia is a gestational disease that leads to hemodynamic disorders, hypoperfusion of end organ and multiple organ failure. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is known to be participated in regulation of heartrate, cardiac output, blood pressure and peripheral vascular tone. The study was aimed to the survey of respiratory sinus arrhythmia involvement in the maternal cardiovascular system regulation in PE. 116 patients at 28-38 weeks of gestation were enrolled in the study. 30 women with healthy pregnancy were included in Group I (control).In Group II, 49 pregnant women with mild-moderate pre-eclampsia were observed. 37 patients with severe preeclampsia were monitored in Group III. The types of maternal central hemodynamics and maternal heart rate variability were investigated. The decreased autonomic tone was found in pre-eclamptic patients. The increased sympathetic activity in the mild-moderate pre-eclampsia could contribute to better perfusion of end organ. The explored autonomic modulations were associated with gradual decrease of respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Severe pre-eclampsia was featured by dramatic sympathetic overactivity. High peripheral vascular resistance and hypovolemia caused hypoperfusion of end organ in severe pre-eclamptic patients. Therefore, the decreased respiratory sinus arrhythmia was a sign of cardiac failure. Maternal respiratory sinus arrhythmia was an evident biophysical marker of pre-eclampsia and could be used as an additional criterion of its severity.