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Item Euthanasia In India(2015-03) Takhi, Komal; Honchar, Oleksii; Гончарь, Алексей Владимирович; Гончарь, Олексій Володимирович; Ashcheulova, Tetyana; Ащеулова, Татьяна Вадимовна; Ащеулова, Тетяна ВадимівнаPassive euthanasia is legal in India. On 7 March 2011 the Supreme Court of India legalised passive euthanasia by means of the withdrawal of life support to patients in a permanent vegetative state. The decision was made as part of the verdict in a case involving Aruna Shanbaug, who has been in a vegetative state for 37 years at King Edward Memorial Hospital. In March 2011, the Supreme Court of India, passed a historic judgement-law permitting Passive Euthanasia in the country. This followed Pinki Virani’s plea to the highest court in December 2009 under the Constitutional provision of “Next Friend”. It’s a landmark law which places the power of choice in the hands of the individual, over government, medical or religious control which sees all suffering as “destiny”. The Supreme Court specified two irreversible conditions to permit Passive Euthanasia Law in its 2011 Law: (I) The brain-dead for whom the ventilator can be switched off (II) Those in a Persistent Vegetative State (PVS) for whom the feed can be tapered out and pain-managing palliatives be added, according to laid-down international specifications. The same judgement-law also asked for the scrapping of 309, the code which penalises those who survive suicide-attempts. In December 2014, government of India declared its intention to do so. And on December 23, 2014, Government of India endorsed and re-validated the Passive Euthanasia judgement-law in a Press Release, after stating in the Rajya Sabha as follows: that The Honble Supreme Court of India in its judgment dated 7.3.2011 [WP (Criminal) No. 115 of 2009], while dismissing the plea for mercy killing in a particular case, laid down comprehensive guidelines to process cases relating to passive euthanasia. Thereafter, the matter of mercy killing was examined in consultation with the Ministry of Law and Justice and it has been decided that since the Honble Supreme Court has already laid down the guidelines, these should be followed and treated as law in such cases. At present, there is no proposal to enact legislation on this subject and the judgment of the Honble Supreme Court is binding on all. The Health Minister, Shri J P Nadda stated this in a written reply in the Rajya Sabha. The high court rejected active euthanasia by means of lethal injection. In the absence of a law regulating euthanasia in India, the court stated that its decision becomes the law of the land until the Indian parliament enacts a suitable law. Active euthanasia, including the administration of lethal compounds for the purpose of ending life, is still illegal in India, and in most countries. The following guidelines were laid down: 1. A decision has to be taken to discontinue life support either by the parents or the spouse or other close relatives, or in the absence of any of them, such a decision can be taken even by a person or a body of persons acting as a next friend. It can also be taken by the doctors attending the patient. However, the decision should be taken bona fide in the best interest of the patient. 2. Even if a decision is taken by the near relatives or doctors or next friend to withdraw life support, such a decision requires approval from the High Court concerned. 3. When such an application is filled the Chief Justice of the High Court should forthwith constitute a Bench of at least two Judges who should decide to grant approval or not. A committee of three reputed doctors to be nominated by the Bench, who will give report regarding the condition of the patient. Before giving the verdict a notice regarding the report should be given to the close relatives and the State. After hearing the parties, the High Court can give its verdict.Item Problems Of Family Planning In India(2015-11-12) Parappil, Ashiq; Honchar, Oleksii; Гончарь, Алексей Владимирович; Гончарь, Олексій Володимирович; Ashcheulova, Tetyana; Ащеулова, Татьяна Вадимовна; Ащеулова, Тетяна ВадимівнаIntroduction. Family planning is the planning of when to have children and the use of birth controland other techniques to implement such plans. Other techniques commonly used include sexuality education, prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections, preconception counseling and management, and infertility management. Background. Family planning in India is based on efforts largely sponsored by the Indian government. In the 1965-2009 period, contraceptive usage has more than tripled (from 13% of married women in 1970 to 48% in 2009) and the fertility rate has more than halved (from 5.7 in 1966 to 2.4 in 2012), but the national fertility rate is still high enough to cause long-term population growth. India adds up to 1,000,000 people to its population every 20 days. Contraceptive usage. Low female literacy levels and the lack of widespread availability of birth-control methods is hampering the use of contraception in India. Awareness of contraception is near-universal among married women in India. However, the vast majority of married Indians (76% in a 2009 study) reported significant problems in accessing a choice of contraceptive methods.In 2009, 48.4% of married women were estimated to use a contraceptive method, i.e. more than half of all married women did not. About three-fourths of these were using female sterilisation, which is by far the most prevalent birth-control method in India. Condoms, at a mere 3% were the next most prevalent method. Meghalaya, at 20%, had the lowest usage of contraception among all Indian states. Bihar and Uttar Pradesh were the other two states that reported usage below 30%.Comparative studies have indicated that increased female literacy is correlated strongly with a decline in fertility. Studies have indicated that female literacy levels are an independent strong predictor of the use of contraception, even when women do not otherwise have economic independence. Female literacy levels in India may be the primary factor that help in population stabilisation, but they are improving relatively slowly: a 1990 study estimated that it would take until 2060 for India to achieve universal literacy at the current rate of progress. Conclusion. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is the government unit responsible for formulating and executing family planning related government plans in India. An inverted Red Triangle is the symbol for family planning health and contraception services in India. In my opinion, the local government should focus on increasing educational level.Item Gene Modification In Organigms(2015-11-12) Oluronbi, Olubunmi Ifeolu; Honchar, Oleksii; Гончарь, Алексей Владимирович; Гончарь, Олексій ВолодимировичGenetic engineering (modification), is the set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms. New DNA may be inserted in the host genome by first isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using molecular cloning methods to generate a DNA sequence, or by synthesizing the DNA, and then inserting this construct into the host organism. Genes may be "knocked out" using a nuclease. Gene targeting is also used to introduce point mutations. An organism that is generated through genetic engineering is considered to be a genetically modified organism (GMO). The first GMOs were bacteria generated in 1973 and GM mice in 1974. Advantages. Genetic modification includes gene therapy – replacing defective genes with effective ones. This can occur in somatic or germline tissue. Somatic gene therapy has been studied in clinical research in several diseases, including X-linked SCID, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and Parkinson's disease. As an example, Glybera (Alipogene tiparvovec) is a gene therapy treatment that compensates for lipoprotein lipase deficiency (LPLD), which can cause severe pancreatitis. There are also infectious diseases that can be treated with the use of genetic engineering (by implanting the genes that are associated with antigen and antiviral proteins). The most desirable traits of certain organisms can be taken and integrated into other organism’s DNA. Genetic engineering has the ability to increase the genetic diversity as well as produce variant alleles that can be implanted to other species. It is also possible to change the heredity of the wheat plants and grow insulin. Disadvantages. Existence of hereditarily modified genes can have an irreversible effects and associated consequences. Genetic engineering can hinder the moral issues particularly in religion, manipulation of genetic sequence to obtain the main purpose of human reproductive organs that are intended for health purposes. It is a tricky and risky process, and then there's the fear of the eradication of the present human species due to presence of these modified species Cloning. The term clone, invented by J.B.S Haldane, is derived from the greek word klōn, "twig", the process whereby a new plant can be created from a twig. Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of a human. The term is generally used to refer to artificial human cloning, which is the reproduction of human cells and tissue. The possibility of human cloning has raised controversies. Two common types of theoretical human cloning are: therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning. Therapeutic cloning involves cloning cells from a human for use in medicine and transplants, and is an active area of research, but is not in medical practice anywhere in the world. Two common methods of therapeutic cloning that are being researched are somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and stem cell induction. Reproductive cloning would involve making an entire cloned human, instead of just specific tissues. Advantages. Cloning can provide answers to many developmental diseases and defects, discovery of signal pathways by studying human embryonic stem cells, presence of evidence toward the hypothesis that developmental pathways are conserved throughout species. Cells created by SCNT are useful for research into the causes of disease, and as model systems used in drug discovery. They can also be used in stem cell therapy, or to create organs to be used in transplantation, known as regenerative medicine in cases where organs are not available. Personally, I support therapeutic-regenerative medicine in cases where organs are not available. But the question i have about reproductive cloning is: "What is the guarantee that cloned subjects can be controlled?"Item Interleukins 33 and 1β serum level is connected to left ventricular geometry and diastolic filling in patients with hypertension and obesity(2014-11-26) Kovalyova, Olga; Ashcheulova, Tetyana; Ambrosova, Tetyana; Honchar, Oleksii; Ivanchenko, Svitlana; Ковалева, Ольга Николаевна; Ащеулова, Татьяна Вадимовна; Амбросова, Татьяна Николаевна; Гончарь, Алексей Владимирович; Иванченко, Светлана Владимировна; Ковальова, Ольга Миколаївна; Ащеулова, Тетяна Вадимівна; Амбросова, Тетяна Миколаївна; Гончарь, Олексій Володимирович; Іванченко, Світлана ВолодимирівнаItem Social And Legal Issues On Human Artificial Insemination In Namibia(2015-03) Muulu, Tileinge Elina; Honchar, Oleksii; Гончарь, Алексей Владимирович; Гончарь, Олексій ВолодимировичArtificial insemination is the process by which a woman is medically impregnated using semen from her husband or from a third-party donor. The practice of artificial insemination in Namibia started just few years back, about 5 years ago. Most of the parents of the artificial inseminated babies are not open to talk about it because of some legal and social issues. In Namibia, artificial insemination cost about 6 000-7 000 $ and not many people can afford. Legal issues. Artificial insemination raises a number of legal concerns. Most states' laws prove that a child born as a result of artificial insemination using the husband's sperm, referred to as AIH, is presumed to be the husband's legal child. When a child is born after artificial insemination using the sperm of a third-party donor, referred to as AID, the law is less clear. Some states stipulate that the child is presumed to be the legal child of the mother and her husband, whereas others leave open the possibility that the child could be declared illegitimate. When a donor’s sperms are used, the donor is kept a secret which is against the law that states that ‘every child has the right to know his/her biological parents’. Other legal pitfalls open up as technology makes artificial insemination more sophisticated and more available. Now that sperm can be frozen for future use, a woman can be impregnated at any time, even after her husband's death. Religious issues. Namibia is Christian dominating country, many Christians believe Artificial insemination and other forms of fertility treatment are wrong because: • God chooses whether people have babies or not; if a couple is childless, it may be God’s will. • God may have chosen these people to devote their lives to other kinds of Christian work. • It goes against “natural law” to create a child in any way other than through sex. AI using a donor is wrong! It brings a 3rd party (another man) into the marriage. In conclusion, we should educate people and make them understand the benefits of artificial insemination in order to avoid such problems in the future.Item Diagnostical use of bronchography(2014-12-04) Honchar, Oleksii; Ashcheulova, Tetyana; Kovalyova, Olga; Ivanchenko, Svitlana; Гончарь, Алексей Владимирович; Ащеулова, Татьяна Вадимовна; Ковалева, Ольга Николаевна; Иванченко, Светлана Владимировна; Гончарь, Олексій Володимирович; Ащеулова, Тетяна Вадимівна; Ковальова, Ольга Миколаївна; Іванченко, Світлана ВолодимирівнаItem Радионуклидный метод исследования в пульмонологии: диагностическое значение и клиническое применение(2014-11-25) Сирота, И.Ю.; Гончарь, Алексей Владимирович; Гончарь, Олексій ВолодимировичItem Impact of the cardiac autonomous function (assessed by heart rate variability analysis) on the serum adipocytokines levels – a review(2016-11-10) Іванченко, Світлана Володимирівна; Иванченко, Светлана Владимировна; Ivanchenko, Svitlana; Гончарь, Олексій Володимирович; Гончарь, Алексей Владимирович; Honchar, Oleksii; Ковальова, Ольга Миколаївна; Ковалева, Ольга Николаевна; Kovalyova, OlgaItem Фізичне функціональне відновлення в ранній період після госпіталізації з приводу COVID-19: вплив гіпертонічної хвороби та модель прогнозування результату(2023-09) Honchar, Oleksii; Ashcheulova, Tetiana; Гончарь, Олексій Володимирович; Ащеулова, Тетяна ВадимівнаItem Sensory Neural Hearing Loss In Case Of Hyperbilirubinemia And Intake Of Antimalarial Drug (Quinine) In Adult Patient(2015-11-12) Sharma, Sarika; Honchar, Oleksii; Гончарь, Алексей Владимирович; Гончарь, Олексій ВолодимировичIntroduction: The auditory pathway is one of the most susceptible parts of Central Nervous System to virulent agents. The criteria for sensory neural hearing loss (SNHL) is hearing loss of 30 dB. The patients with severe hyperbilirubinemia and receipients of anti-malarial drugs may be more susceptible to SNHL. SNHL may have multiple etiologies, for example damage to vestibulocochlear cranial nerve, hair cells of organ of corti of inner ear and central processing centres of brain. Ototoxic effects of anti-malarial drug like Quinone (prescribed as prophylactic measure) may also have attributed or contributed to SNHL. Case report: A 19 yr. old female presented with symptoms like icteric skin and sclerae, upper epigastric pain, fatigue, malaise.Upon ultrasonography it was revealed that the patient has hepatomegaly, mild splenomegaly and the gall bladder had an edematous wall.These along with the lab findings supported the diagnosis for hyperbilirubinemia secondary to acute viral hepatitis. The patient was treated for viral hepatitis and hyperbilirubinemia. Also the patient was prescribed Quinone drug as a prophylaxis for malaria due to severely effected liver. The patient then in 5 days started complaining for of signs of hearing loss along with tinnitus and was followed up by certified audiologist. The patient presented with more than 90 dB audiometric threshold in the right ear representing profound hearing loss and 40-60 dB audiometric threshold representing moderate hearing loss over a period of 2 days and tinnitus in the left ear. She was diagnosed with SNHL along with tinnitus in left ear impairing normal hearing in left ear and causing permanent deafness in the right ear.The patient also revealed that she had mild tinnitus 1 month before the hopitalisation but it diminished soon. Conclusion: Over the years the ototoxic effects of anti-malarial drugs like quinone have been reported. Reports of asssociation of hyperbilirubinemia and sensorineural hearing have been reported too but the incidence is oberved rarely and mostly in infants. The patient needs to be treated based on clinical judgment by a certified audiologist. The physicians must carefully watch out for progression of ototoxic effects of Quinone given during prophylaxis as well as treatment and the hearing levels should be examined in patients with severe hyperbilirubinemia as well. Both factors are known to be associated with SNHL and are contraindicative for patients with any signs of tinnitus or hearing problems.