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Item Euthanasia In India(2015-03) Takhi, Komal; Honchar, Oleksii; Гончарь, Алексей Владимирович; Гончарь, Олексій Володимирович; Ashcheulova, Tetyana; Ащеулова, Татьяна Вадимовна; Ащеулова, Тетяна ВадимівнаPassive euthanasia is legal in India. On 7 March 2011 the Supreme Court of India legalised passive euthanasia by means of the withdrawal of life support to patients in a permanent vegetative state. The decision was made as part of the verdict in a case involving Aruna Shanbaug, who has been in a vegetative state for 37 years at King Edward Memorial Hospital. In March 2011, the Supreme Court of India, passed a historic judgement-law permitting Passive Euthanasia in the country. This followed Pinki Virani’s plea to the highest court in December 2009 under the Constitutional provision of “Next Friend”. It’s a landmark law which places the power of choice in the hands of the individual, over government, medical or religious control which sees all suffering as “destiny”. The Supreme Court specified two irreversible conditions to permit Passive Euthanasia Law in its 2011 Law: (I) The brain-dead for whom the ventilator can be switched off (II) Those in a Persistent Vegetative State (PVS) for whom the feed can be tapered out and pain-managing palliatives be added, according to laid-down international specifications. The same judgement-law also asked for the scrapping of 309, the code which penalises those who survive suicide-attempts. In December 2014, government of India declared its intention to do so. And on December 23, 2014, Government of India endorsed and re-validated the Passive Euthanasia judgement-law in a Press Release, after stating in the Rajya Sabha as follows: that The Honble Supreme Court of India in its judgment dated 7.3.2011 [WP (Criminal) No. 115 of 2009], while dismissing the plea for mercy killing in a particular case, laid down comprehensive guidelines to process cases relating to passive euthanasia. Thereafter, the matter of mercy killing was examined in consultation with the Ministry of Law and Justice and it has been decided that since the Honble Supreme Court has already laid down the guidelines, these should be followed and treated as law in such cases. At present, there is no proposal to enact legislation on this subject and the judgment of the Honble Supreme Court is binding on all. The Health Minister, Shri J P Nadda stated this in a written reply in the Rajya Sabha. The high court rejected active euthanasia by means of lethal injection. In the absence of a law regulating euthanasia in India, the court stated that its decision becomes the law of the land until the Indian parliament enacts a suitable law. Active euthanasia, including the administration of lethal compounds for the purpose of ending life, is still illegal in India, and in most countries. The following guidelines were laid down: 1. A decision has to be taken to discontinue life support either by the parents or the spouse or other close relatives, or in the absence of any of them, such a decision can be taken even by a person or a body of persons acting as a next friend. It can also be taken by the doctors attending the patient. However, the decision should be taken bona fide in the best interest of the patient. 2. Even if a decision is taken by the near relatives or doctors or next friend to withdraw life support, such a decision requires approval from the High Court concerned. 3. When such an application is filled the Chief Justice of the High Court should forthwith constitute a Bench of at least two Judges who should decide to grant approval or not. A committee of three reputed doctors to be nominated by the Bench, who will give report regarding the condition of the patient. Before giving the verdict a notice regarding the report should be given to the close relatives and the State. After hearing the parties, the High Court can give its verdict.Item Problems Of Family Planning In India(2015-11-12) Parappil, Ashiq; Honchar, Oleksii; Гончарь, Алексей Владимирович; Гончарь, Олексій Володимирович; Ashcheulova, Tetyana; Ащеулова, Татьяна Вадимовна; Ащеулова, Тетяна ВадимівнаIntroduction. Family planning is the planning of when to have children and the use of birth controland other techniques to implement such plans. Other techniques commonly used include sexuality education, prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections, preconception counseling and management, and infertility management. Background. Family planning in India is based on efforts largely sponsored by the Indian government. In the 1965-2009 period, contraceptive usage has more than tripled (from 13% of married women in 1970 to 48% in 2009) and the fertility rate has more than halved (from 5.7 in 1966 to 2.4 in 2012), but the national fertility rate is still high enough to cause long-term population growth. India adds up to 1,000,000 people to its population every 20 days. Contraceptive usage. Low female literacy levels and the lack of widespread availability of birth-control methods is hampering the use of contraception in India. Awareness of contraception is near-universal among married women in India. However, the vast majority of married Indians (76% in a 2009 study) reported significant problems in accessing a choice of contraceptive methods.In 2009, 48.4% of married women were estimated to use a contraceptive method, i.e. more than half of all married women did not. About three-fourths of these were using female sterilisation, which is by far the most prevalent birth-control method in India. Condoms, at a mere 3% were the next most prevalent method. Meghalaya, at 20%, had the lowest usage of contraception among all Indian states. Bihar and Uttar Pradesh were the other two states that reported usage below 30%.Comparative studies have indicated that increased female literacy is correlated strongly with a decline in fertility. Studies have indicated that female literacy levels are an independent strong predictor of the use of contraception, even when women do not otherwise have economic independence. Female literacy levels in India may be the primary factor that help in population stabilisation, but they are improving relatively slowly: a 1990 study estimated that it would take until 2060 for India to achieve universal literacy at the current rate of progress. Conclusion. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is the government unit responsible for formulating and executing family planning related government plans in India. An inverted Red Triangle is the symbol for family planning health and contraception services in India. In my opinion, the local government should focus on increasing educational level.Item Диагностическое значение уреазного теста при выявлении helicobacter pylori(2015-04) Кулакова, Екатерина; Амбросова, Татьяна; Ащеулова, Татьяна ВадимовнаВ настоящее время Helicobacter pylori является наиболее частой причиной гастрита, гастродуоденита и язвенной болезни. Helicobacter pylori — спиралевидная грамотрицательная микроаэрофильная бактерия, инфицирующая слизистую оболочку желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки. Диагностика инфекции Нelicobacter pylori возможна при микроскопическом исследовании биоптата слизистой оболочки, взятого при эзофагогастродуоденоскопии (ЭГДС). Эзофагогастродуоденоскопия - это современный метод визуализации и последующего обследования стенок слизистой оболочки верхних путей пищеварительного тракта, а именно: пищевода, желудка и проксимальной части двенадцатиперстной кишки. Для проведения ЭГДС специальной подготовки не существует, но для лучшей визуализации необходимо, чтобы желудок и просвет двенадцатиперстной кишки были полностью свободны от остатков какой-либо пищи, поэтому на исследование необходимо приходить натощак. Определить наличие Helicobacter pylori возможно путем исследования фрагментов слизистой желудка, полученной путем биопсии во время эндоскопического исследования. Наиболее оптимальной манипуляцией является уреазный тест. Уреазный тест - это экспресс анализ, позволяющий быстро и недорого определить присутствие в верхних отделах пищеварительного тракта Helicobacter pylori. Основой теста является свойство H. pylori выделять фермент уреазу, которая катализирует процесс преобразования мочевины в аммиак и углекислый газ. В результате реакции кислотно-щелочный баланс желудка (рН среды) сдвигается в щелочную сторону, что фиксируется с помощью индикатора. Полученный биоптат помещается в специальную ячейку с готовыми растворами. Быстрота изменения окраски индикатора с жёлтого на ярко-красный зависит от уреазной активности, которая, в свою очередь, зависит от количества бактерий. Интерпретация результата: количество Helicobacter pylori в биоптате оценивается по интенсивности окраски биоптата. Таким образом, +++ - значительное инфицирование Нelicobacter pylori (Hp), малиновое окрашивание теста появляется в первый час от начала исследования, ++ - умеренное инфицирование Нp, тест становится малиновым спустя 2-3 часа, + - незначительное инфицирование Нp – появление малиновой окраски в течение 24 часов. Отрицательным считается результат, если окрашивание появляется после 24 часов от начала исследования. Основное назначение метода — первичная диагностика наличия Helicobacter pylori у пациентов. Чувствительность и специфичность данного метода составляет 90 %. Метод позволяет получить заключение быстро — от нескольких минут до нескольких часов. Его использование не предполагает наличие специального лабораторного оборудования или подготовленных специалистов и выполняется непосредственно эндоскопистом. Достаточно бюджетный метод диагностики при массовом и индивидуальном применении. В настоящее время разработано большое количество промышленно изготовленных уреазных тестов.Item Systemic lupus erythematosus(ХНМУ, 2016-11) Кочубей, Оксана Анатольевна; Кочубєй, Оксана Анатоліївна; Kochubiei, Oksana; Kumah, R.J.; Ashcheulova, Tetyana; Ащеулова, Татьяна Вадимовна; Ащеулова, Тетяна ВадимівнаItem Interleukins 33 and 1β serum level is connected to left ventricular geometry and diastolic filling in patients with hypertension and obesity(2014-11-26) Kovalyova, Olga; Ashcheulova, Tetyana; Ambrosova, Tetyana; Honchar, Oleksii; Ivanchenko, Svitlana; Ковалева, Ольга Николаевна; Ащеулова, Татьяна Вадимовна; Амбросова, Татьяна Николаевна; Гончарь, Алексей Владимирович; Иванченко, Светлана Владимировна; Ковальова, Ольга Миколаївна; Ащеулова, Тетяна Вадимівна; Амбросова, Тетяна Миколаївна; Гончарь, Олексій Володимирович; Іванченко, Світлана ВолодимирівнаItem Proinflammatory cytokines and carbohydrate metabolism(ХНМУ, 2016-11) Kochubiei, Oksana; Кочубєй, Оксана Анатоліївна; Кочубей, Оксана Анатольевна; Ashcheulova, Tetyana; Ащеулова, Тетяна Вадимівна; Ащеулова, Татьяна ВадимовнаItem Diagnostical use of bronchography(2014-12-04) Honchar, Oleksii; Ashcheulova, Tetyana; Kovalyova, Olga; Ivanchenko, Svitlana; Гончарь, Алексей Владимирович; Ащеулова, Татьяна Вадимовна; Ковалева, Ольга Николаевна; Иванченко, Светлана Владимировна; Гончарь, Олексій Володимирович; Ащеулова, Тетяна Вадимівна; Ковальова, Ольга Миколаївна; Іванченко, Світлана ВолодимирівнаItem Бронхоскопия - из прошлого в будущее(2014-11-25) Ащеулова, Тетяна Вадимівна; Ащеулова, Татьяна Вадимовна; Ashcheulova, Tetyana; Гетманская, Юлия Николаевна; Смирнова, Виктория ИвановнаItem Genetic Engineering. The main bioethics principles(KhNMU, 2015-03) Kochubiei, Oksana; Кочубєй, Оксана Анатоліївна; Кочубей, Оксана Анатольевна; Ashcheulova, Tetyana; Ащеулова, Татьяна Вадимовна; Abu Ghayadh, Mihyar; Ащеулова, Тетяна ВадимівнаThis paper discusses the use of genetic engineering in Techniques, advantages and disadvantages, including a description of the methods. Genetic Engineering is the group of applied techniques of genetics and biotechnology used to cut up and join together genetic material and especially DNA from one or more species of organism and to introduce the result into an organism in order to change one or more of its characteristics. Important Techniques of Genetic Engineering: Recombinant DNA, Plasmids and vectors, Microinjection etc. The objective of this technology is to increase disease resistance for human being. The Advantages of Genetic Engineering: 1) Most of the diseases and illnesses can easily be prevented. 2) There are also infectious diseases that can also be treated with the use of genetic engineering through implanting the genes that are associated with antigen and antiviral proteins. 3) Plants and animals can easily determine their desirable characteristics. 4) Plants and animals can easily determine their desirable characteristics. The disadvantages of Genetic Engineering: 1) There are scientists who believe that the existence of hereditarily modified genes had an irreversible effect that are also associated with some consequences. 2) Genetic engineering can hinder the moral issues particularly in religion. 3) There are also professional scientists who manipulated the so called genetic sequence to obtain the main purpose of human reproduction organs that are intended for health purposes. 4) The process of genetic engineering is quite tricky and risky process and you need to gather a wide variety of information before attempting to engage in the process of genetic engineering. In conclusion, Genetic Engineering in medicine can always be a good thing or a bad thing. The idea of transplant organs is a really good idea but it also affects the pig species and it decreases its numbers in population. Cheaper insulin and antibiotics is really nice and all, but its still not cheap enough for many families. In my Opinion, i believe genetic Engineering in general and medicine, is a bad thing. I think this because it may take many years to do such things and cost lots of money to do so. It also damages other species and can harm them in many ways.Item Радиоизотопные методы диагностики заболевания легких(2014-11-25) Ащеулова, Тетяна Вадимівна; Ащеулова, Татьяна Вадимовна; Ashcheulova, Tetyana; Багмут, Анна Валериевна; Домбровская, Ирина Константиновна; Амбросова, Татьяна Николаевна