Role of interleukin 33 in left ventricular structural and functional remodeling in hypertensive patients with obesity

Abstract

Objective. To investigate interrelations between interleukin 33 (IL-33) and 1β (IL-1β) serum levels, left ventricular (LV) remodeling and diastolic dysfunction (DD) in hypertensive patients with obesity. Method. 80 hypertensive patients (51 obese) underwent transthoracic echocardiography. IL-33 and IL-1β serum levels were estimated using ELISA. Results. IL-33 and IL-1β were higher in hypertensive patients (p<0,001), independently of BMI. Increase of IL-33>73 pg/ml, IL-1β>25 pg/ml was associated with highest LV myocardial mass index (MMI) (160,5 (142,8;185,8) g/m2, p<0,05), moderate decrease in E’ velocity (9,95 (8,32;10,60) cm/sec), relatively low PWP (9,23 (8,83;13,03) mm Hg) and 70,0% prevalence of LVDD. Increase of IL-1β>20 pg/ml with IL-33<71 pg/ml was characterized by relatively low LV MMI (116,9 (104,4;163,1) g/m2), lowest E’ (7,68 (6,50;9,67) cm/sec, p<0,01), highest PWP (12,26 (10,72;13,12) mm Hg, p<0,05) and highest rate of DD (85,0%). Increase of IL-33>71 pg/ml with IL-1β<25 pg/ml was associated with MMI of 121,4 (111,7;140,5) g/m2, highest E’ (11,04 (9,49;12,00) cm/sec), lowest PWP (9,07 (7,04;11,51) mm Hg) and lowest prevalence of LVDD (66,7%). IL-33<71 pg/ml with IL-1β<20 pg/ml had intermediate characteristics: LV MMI of 137,4 (121,3;157,8) g/m2, E’ of 9,95 (8,30;12,20) cm/sec, PWP of 11,20 (9,55;12,33) mm Hg, and 71,1% rate of DD. Conclusion. Significant increase in IL-33 and IL-1β levels in hypertensive patients independently of BMI was revealed. Increase in both cytokines’ levels was associated with highest rates of LVH and DD. Prevalent increase in IL-1β was connected to the worst state of diastolic function despite low rates of hypertrophy. Prevalent increase in IL-33 had the most favorable influence on the severity of LVH as well as diastolic filling.