Наукові праці. Кафедра загальної та клінічної патофізіології імені Д.О. Альперна
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Item The role of the teacher in forming a healthy lifestyle in future doctors in the conditions of war(2023) Kuznetsova, Milena; Bibichenko, Victoria; Kuznetsova, IrynaIn recent years, morbidity and mortality rates among the population have increased in Ukraine. The fact that the specific weight of chronic forms of diseases has increased is particularly worrying. Equally important is the awareness of the essence of a healthy lifestyle, as purposeful actions aimed at preserving health. It has been proven that a healthy lifestyle includes a rational diet, maintaining optimal physical activity, control of bad habits and avoiding stress. Therefore, the teacher's work on forming motivation to follow a healthy lifestyle is extremely important, since this goal can be achieved by example and educational work. The purpose of this study was to determine the teacher's influence on the formation of motivation to maintain a healthy lifestyle during wartime. Materials and methods. To achieve the established purpose of the study, a survey was conducted among students of Kharkiv National Medical University (38 students), medical faculty of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (35 students) and I. Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University (29 respondents). In total, 102 respondents aged 17 to 22 were interviewed, of whom 58 were girls and 44 were boys. In order to conduct the survey, standardized questionnaires were developed “under the following requirements: to take into account the objectives of the survey and the specificity of the contingent of respondents; to use a simple questionnaire structure (preamble, general information about the respondent, characteristics of his health, clarification questions); to maintain the interest in the survey by compliance with the requirements for the number (in our case, 20 questions) and the quality of the proposed questions (clear, concise, correct and understandable), which can ultimately allow respondents not to spend too much time filling out the questionnaire; to avoid direct questions where possible; to take into account the subjectivity of respondents' answers, and in part, their secrecy by using “filter questions” that help to reveal the reliability of assessments; if possible, to offer to choose a single answer option that reflects (if necessary, their ascending or descending hierarchy) possible changes in the parameters of the studied quantities (results, phenomena, processes)”. Results. After analyzing students' answers about the teacher's role in the formation of a healthy lifestyle, the majority noted that the teachers conducted explanatory work by visually demonstrating the positive impact of such a lifestyle, highlighting the negative role of bad habits and the consequences of their influence. Also, role-playing games were used to form healthy lifestyle skills and discussion clubs about healthy nutrition, support of student self-government in conducting activities to popularize sports (holding sports games, sports days, etc.). This study complements already existing works and expands general ideas about the extent of the teacher's influence on the formation of students' motivation to follow a healthy lifestyle. The leading way in which this was carried out was the support of student projects and research to determine the degree of influence of each of the components of a healthy lifestyle on the human body. At the same time, a whole list of issues remains unresolved, the main of which is the creation of an appropriate legislative framework that would regulate ensuring the formation of healthy lifestyle skills among the population, the absence of a state policy on ensuring healthy living conditions and student education, and the lack of systematic work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle. In addition, the lack of regular positive social advertising and the absence of a healthy lifestyle in the information space, as well as the underdevelopment of the system of returning to a healthy lifestyle, in particular discrimination and stigmatization of certain target groups of students who lead an unhealthy lifestyle, are clearly visible. Conclusions. Based on the obtained research data, it can be concluded that it is extremely important to work with the population starting from a young age for the formation of healthy lifestyle skills, regular educational work among students of higher education, visual demonstration by teachers of its benefits and highlighting with examples of harm to body from harmful habits (drug addiction, smoking, alcohol abuse). It is also beneficial to help and support in the transition to a healthy lifestyle for those students who did not follow it before.Item Chronic inflammatory processes of the maternal genitourinary system, its role in cardiovascular diseases development in their children: Ukrainian and European experience of prevention as the key to the health of future generations(2023) Olianych, Serhii; Myroshnychenko, Mykhailo; Pasiyeshvili, Nana; Kapustnyk, Nataliia; Bibichenko, VictoriaCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity in the world. The burden of CVDs continues to increase over the past decade in almost all countries of the world. The prevalence of CVDs in the world has almost doubled from 271 million i 1990 to 523 million in 2019. The number of deaths from CVDs over the same period has increased by twofold from 12.1 million to 18.6 million. The indicators of years of life with disability and lost years also doubled in total from 17.7 million in 1990 to 34.4 million in 2019. Data from Ukrainian and European statistics testify to the need for timely active measures aimed at preventing the development of CVDs. Modern strategies for the prevention of CVDs are primarily aimed at correcting the known risk factors: quitting smoking, regular physical exercise, normalizing body mass index, glucose, normalizing blood pressure, etc. What is not taken into account in this strategy? The very first periods of a human life, which significantly program health, duration and quality of life, remain beyond attention. In the structure of genital and extragenital pathology of women of reproductive age, significant parts are inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system, which are characterized by predominantly chronic course. Simultaneous development of inflammatory diseases of the urinary and reproductive systems is explained by the facts that these systems organs develop from one primary germ layer (mesoderm), they have a close anatomical-physiological connection, a common blood supply and lymphatic system, and are also target organs of sex hormones activity. Babies born prematurely are at a greater risk of developing heart failure later in life. The incidence of heart failure in individuals born extremely prematurely (less than 28 weeks gestation) was 17.0 times higher compared to those born at term (37 weeks or more), after taking into account other factors. Similarly, those born very prematurely (28 to 31 weeks gestation) had an incidence of heart failure 3.58 times higher compared to term births. The analysis of the research results of Ukrainian and European scientists has shown that chronic inflammatory processes of the genitourinary system of the mother are a significant damaging factor that can change the morphological and functional state of the fetal and newborn cardiovascular system and cause the development of CVDs at various stages of ontogenesis. Thus, chronic inflammatory processes of the mother's genitourinary system are one of the factors that can cause the development of CVDs in children at different stages of ontogenesis. The classic concept of CVDs prevention should be supplemented taking into account the programming effect of harmful factors that act on the preconception and prenatal stages and reliably increase the risk of CDVs development. Among the reproduktive age, it is extremely necessary to carry out measures aimed at prevention, timely diagnostics and treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system.